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In this section you will find a reading list encompassing a wide range of studies, articles and reports relating to the spread of pro-Kremlin disinformation. Whether you want a general introduction, to learn about the Kremlin’s attempts to influence elections or investigate how one single false message gets spread via a wide network of websites – this is the place to start.

TOPIC INTRODUCTIONS

DISINFORMATION TOOLS & TACTICS

RT, SPUTNIK, AND THE RUSSIAN MEDIA ECOSYSTEM

ELECTORAL INTERFERENCE

THE REACH AND IMPACT OF DISINFORMATION

PROMOTING POPULISM & POLITICAL EXTREMISM

RUSSIA’S SOFT POWER OFFENSIVE

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

STATE RESPONSES, REPORTS, AND INVESTIGATIONS

HOW IS THE EU TACKLING DISINFORMATION?

HOW ARE PLATFORMS TACKLING DISINFORMATION?